NGOKUJWAYELEKILE umzali noma umondli osemthethweni wengane angafaka isicelo somyalelo wesondlo enkantolo yemantshi. Lokhu kulawulwa yiMaintenance Act 99 of 1998 (‘uMthetho’). Ngokwesahluko 15 (1) salo mthetho, kunemithetho ejwayelekile yabazali bezingane yokondla ingane engakwazi ukuzondla. Ngakho-ke ama-oda okugcina izingane athambekela ekuphoqeleleni lo msebenzi. Bobabili abazali banesibopho sokugcina ingane ngokuhambisana nezidingo nezindleko zayo. Umzali ngamunye angayalwa ukuba anikele ezidingweni zengane. Inhloso eyisisekelo yokukhokha imali yesondlo yezingane wukufaka izindleko zokudla, okokugqoka, indawo yokuhlala, yokufundisa nezidingo zokwelashwa. Abazali baphoqelekile ukuthi bondle ingane yabo kuze kube iba ngaphezu kweminyaka ewu-18 futhi isikwazi ukuzondla.
Isivumelwano
Lapho abazali bobabili bethola imali bese bekuhlanganyela ukondla ingane.
Bayavumelana ukuthi akekho kubo ophoqwe ukukhokha isondlo sengane. Esikhundleni salokho bazokhipha ngokulinganayo mayelana nezindleko zengane. Ngamanye amazwi abazali bangavumelana ngesondlo sengane ngokwabo noma babhale phansi ngaphandle kokuya enkantolo. Isivumelwano sizocacisa ukuthi umzali ngamunye kufanele akhiphe malini ngenyanga. Lokhu kodwa kuyaguquguquka ngoba izidingo nezindleko zengane ziyaguquguquka. Noma yikuphi abazali abavumelana ngakho kumele kubeke phambili izidingo zengane.
Ngokwesigaba 6 (c) seMaintenance Amendment Act, 9 of 2015, isivumelwano abazali abazenzele sona ngomlomo noma abasibhale phansi kodwa esingakhishwanga yinkantolo kumele basiyise enkantolo ezofike isiphasise sibe namandla omthetho noma isichithe.
Imiyalo yenkantolo
Ukulungiswa kwesondlo
Uma abazali bengavumelani bodwa, umzali okhathazekile angafaka isicelo enkantolo ukuze athole imali yesondlo. Isigaba 16 seMaintenance Act sithi inkantolo ingayalela noma wubani ukuthi akhokhele (umzali/ umondli osemthethweni ) isamba semali sokondla ingane.
Umzali ofuna isondlo kufanele afake isicelo eNkantolo yeMantshi eseduzane nalapho ehlala khona nengane. Umzali uzodinga ukuthatha umazisi wakhe (noma ikhophi eqinisekisiwe), ubufakazi bemali ayitholayo nezindleko zakhe, isitatimende sasebhange sezinyanga ezintathu nemininingwane yomzali okufanele akhokhele isondlo (ummangalelwa). Isimangalo sizocotshungulwa yisiphathimandla sesondlo, bese ummangalelwa enikezwa isamanisi emyalela ukuthi avele enkantolo ngosuku oluthile. Uma inkantolo ithola ummangalelwa enesibopho sokukhokha imali yesondlo, inkantolo izokhipha umyalo ngalokho.
Ukwehluleka ukukhokha imali yesondlo
Isigaba 26 (2) (a) somthetho sithi uma kuze kuphela izinsuku eziwu-10 ummangalelwa engawugcini umyalelo wenkantolo, ummangali angafaka isicelo enkantolo yezondlo sokuthi:
1. Ukufuna incwadi egunyaza ukuthathwa kwempahla; 2. Ufuna umyalelo yokubanjelwa kukammangalelwa imali emsebenzini (garnishee); 3. Umyalelo wokuqoqwa kwesikweletu.
Ukungakhokhi imali yesondlo ngendlela umuntu ayalelwe ngayo kufana nokwedelela inkantolo. Kuyicala elingaholela ekutheni umuntu ahlawuliswe noma aboshwe unyaka owodwa, noma kokubili. Isiphathimandla sesondlo singanikeza ngemininingwane yommangalelwa ezinkampanini eziqoqa ngesikweletu. Ukuze angajeziswa, ummangalelwa kumele atshele inkantolo ukuthi akakwazanga ukukhokha imali yesondlo ngenxa yokushoda kwemali noma imali engenayo.
Umvalelandlini uziphazamisa kanjani izibopho zesondlo
NgoMashi 26, uNgqongqoshe wezoBulungiswa nezokuHlunyeleliswa kweZimilo washicilela iziqondiso ngokusebenza kwenkantolo kwiGovernment Gazette. Imithetho ithi, ukusebenza kwenkantolo kukhawulelwe ezindabeni eziphuthumayo kuphela, ukuze kuhambisane nokunqanda ukusabalala kweCovid-19. Lezi zindaba zibandakanya ukulalelwa kokususwa kwezingane, imiyalo yokuhlukunyezwa, izindaba zobudlova basekhaya noma ukufaka isicelo sebheyili. Ngalesi sikhathi inkantolo ikwazi nokulalela izindaba eziphathelene nokukhokhwa kwesondlo sezingane. Imithethonqubo ibeka ukuthi izicelo zokuqala kuphela ezizolalelwa kanye nokuqiniswa kwemiyalo ekhona yesondlo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izindaba zesondlo zisebenza njengokujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwezwe.
Okwamanje alikho iholidi lokukhokha noma ukunqanyelwa kokukhokhwa kwesondlo sezingane esitholakalayo kumzali okufanele asikhokhe. Uma nje kunesivumelwano sokugcina noma umyalo wesondlo, umzali omelene nokukhokha isondlo uyaphoqeleka ukuthi akhokhe. Lokhu kunjalo noma ngabe umzali engasebenzi ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwezwe, esekhefini elingakhokhelwa, ehliselwe umholo noma ediliziwe emsebenzini. Isizathu wukuthi izidingo zengane azimi ngenxa yomvalelandlini. Kunalokho, izidingo zengane ziyenyuka uma isekhaya kunangesikhathi isesikoleni. Ingane idinga ukudla okwengeziwe, amanzi, indawo yokuhlala, nogesi, kwezinye izimo, ne-data. Ngakho-ke, ukuxhegula komzali ekukhokheni isondlo kusho ukuthi ingane izoswela izidingo zayo.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi isimo somzali okhokhayo asinakwa. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa angenza ngazo umzali ongakwazi ukukhokha isondlo futhi engenayo impahla angayidayisa noma engakwazi ukuboleka imali ukuze akhokhe isondlo.
Izixazululo
Uma kungekho myalelo wenkantantolo, futhi abazali bathembele esivumelwaneni abasenze ngomlomo bangavumelana ngokuthi umzali okumele akhokhe angakhokha imali eyehlisiwe bese ebuye akhokha emuva kokuphela komvalelandlini noma uma sebeqalile ukuhola imali ejwayelekile. Uma kukhona umyalo wokugcinwa kwesondlo osendaweni, umzali omelene nokukhokha isondlo angafaka isicelo eNkantolo eNkulu, eNkantolo yesiFunda noma eNkantolo Yesondlo ukuze kufakwe umyalelo ushintshwe (ukuze inkantolo yehlise imali abeyikhokha) emuva kokuphela komvalelandlini. Lapho kungakhonjiswa isizathu esihle, inkantolo ingawushintsha umyalelo. Ngokwecala likaRoels v Roels [2003] 2 All SA 441 (C), inkantolo ibheka ukuthi yisiphi isizathu esihle esisuselwe ekuzuzweni kwecala ngalinye. Lokhu ekugcineni kusho ukuthi uma umzali okhokha isondlo engakwazi ukukhokha isamba esiphelele sesondlo ngenxa yezindleko zokukhokha, ukudilizwa emsebenzini, ukungasebenzi noma ikhefu elingakhokhelwa ngenxa yomvalelandlini, angafaka isicelo enkantolo sokushintsha umyalo wesondlo.
Umfakisicelo ufaka umfutho wokufakazela, ngokulinganisela kwamathuba, ukuthi kunesizathu esihle sokushintsha umyalelo. Kufanele afakaze enkantolo ukuthi uyahluleka ukukhokha imali ephelele ngokomyalo. Kumele afakaze ukuthi akanayo imali, ubengenakufinyelela kunoma yikuphi ukubolekwa, akanampahla angayithengisa futhi uhlwempu. Ngakho-ke, uma ekhombisa ngempumelelo inkantolo ukuthi akalitholi iholo eliphelele futhi akanazo ezinye izindlela zokukhokhela ukushoda kwemali ukuze akwazi ukukhokhela isondlo, angakwazi ukuthola ngempumelelo umehluko kokuhleleka komyalelo. Umzali onomthwalo wemfanelo kufanele aphenye ukuthi angakwazi yini ukwenza amanye amalungiselelo, okufana nokufaka isicelo samaholidi okukhokha kumabhange akhe noma athengise enye yempahla yakhe, ngaphambi kokuyeka inkokhelo yesondlo.
USamukelisiwe Mbuthuma (LLB (UKZN), LLM Candidate (UKZN))